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Though it may be hard to credit it today, for at lest three thousand years (and probably much longer) spices have been the driving force behind much of the world's economy (if you don't beleive me, read my article on the spice trade. For much of this time spices were actually much more expensive than gold or silver and salaries could be paid in pepper. By the fifteenth century the effective embargo on the spice trade to Europe imposed by the Ottoman Empire directly cause the European 'Age of Exploration' leading to the discover of the Americas and also led to the later 'Age of Expansion'. Thus were it not for the spice trade world history would be much different from what it is today.
Before it's possible to begin a history of the spice trade we need to define what precisely is meant by a spice. In terms of a moderrn definition, a spice obtained from the dried fruiting body of a plant. Thus it can be the whole fruit (as in cubeb pepper or allspice berries or cumin) or it is the kernel or seed of the fruit (as in nutmeg and fenugreek seeds or nigella seeds). In contrast, herbs are the vegetative parts of a plant (the stems and leaves) and include lemongrass (stems), thyme (leaves), oregano (leaves). One exception to this rule is the Methi curry leaves (which are the dried leaves of fenugreek) which is generally considered as a spice.
In addition the roots and bark of plants in their dried form are also considered as spices. Thus turmeric and wasabi are sipces (both derived from roots), as is cinnamon (a bark). This book concentrates on spices (with the exception of kaffir lime leaves). It's companion volume (currently being written) will deal with herbs.
In ancient times a spice seems to have been defined mare as anything that bore a strong aroma. Thus herbs, spices and incense could all come under the label 'spice'. Perhaps the most important aspect of an ancient 'spice' was that it should not be perishable and could be tarnsproted for many months with little loss of pungency. Indeed, it is the concept of 'pungency' and 'hotness' that define the sought-after characteristics of all the classic spices. However, many hot and pungent spices also have a bitter aftertaste — a characteristic which is not in the least desirable. This is why black pepper is the spice par excellence in that it is both pungent and has considerable heat to it but there is no trace of bitterness. Chillies, the other classic spice have considerable heat but no real spice-like pungency; though this can be an advantage in that they add heat to a dish without overly affecting the dish's inherent flavour.
Many other spices in the list given here (apart from the sweet spices used in desserts) represent the quest for food flavourings that are posessed of both pungency and heat. The reason why many of the spices listed are either not widely used outside their native realms or have declined in use is that they are also bitter (such as Sénégal Pepper and Zedoary root).
To use this guide simply click on the first letter of the spice that you're looking for (above or below). This will take you to a table of all the herbs that begin with that letter where you can chose the herb you want. There are over 50 herbs in his guide so far, including common and rare herbs and herbs used in cuisines from around the world, and you can search by common name and scientific name.
You can also use the search box below to find the spice of your choice. You can use the common name or the scientific name or any text you choose:
Just so you know what to expect, each time you refresh this page you will get a random spice displayed below. This is exactly the same kind of information as displayed on the main spice pages, which you can navigate through using the links above and below:
 Nigella seeds are produced by the plant Nigella sativa — though there are about 14 species of Nigella in all, which are annual plants in the Ranunculaceae (buttercup) family; all native to southern Europe, north Africa and southwest Asia. The plants grow to about 70cm tall and have finely divided leaves, the leaf segments narrowly linear to threadlike. The flowers are white, yellow, pink, pale blue or pale purple, with 5-10 petals. The fruit is a capsule composed of several united follicles, each containing numerous seeds. Of these, however, only Nigella sativa is used in a culinary context. The seeds of N sativa, known as kalonji, black cumin or just nigella (and sometimes under the misnomer 'Onion Seeds'), are used as a spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cuisine. The black seeds have a peppery, slightly nutty, taste and are generally used as a pepper in recipes that incorporate pod fruit, vegetables, salads and poultry. They also feature as an ingredient in a number of spice blends, such as Bengali Panch Phoron. |
Panch Phoron
Fruity Naan Bread
If you enjoyed this Spice Guide secton of the sebsite then you will be interested in my eBook on Cooking with Spices and Spice Recipes. This eBook is sold on behalf of my One Million People Campaign to help Liberian children forced to flee their homelands due to civil war gain an education. So, not only are you supporting a worthy cause but you're also gaining an invaluable cookery resource for yourself.
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Below you will find links to other pages dealing with the various Spices described on this site
The Spice Trade
List of Spices 'A' List of Spices 'B' List of Spices 'C' List of Spices 'D' List of Spices 'E' List of Spices 'F' List of Spices 'G' List of Spices 'H' List of Spices 'I' List of Spices 'J' List of Spices 'K' List of Spices 'L' List of Spices 'M' List of Spices 'N' List of Spices 'O' List of Spices 'P' List of Spices 'Q' List of Spices 'R' List of Spices 'S' List of Spices 'T' List of Spices 'U' List of Spices 'V' List of Spices 'W' List of Spices 'X' List of Spices 'Y' List of Spices 'Z' The Guide to Spices and their Uses PDF file — It takes time and money to keep The Celtnet Recipe Site on the world wide web. You can help via the PayPal donation system: you remain anonymous as all eMail details are destroyed once your gift has been verified and a 'thank you' email has been sent. I need your trust and do not keep or sell eMail addresses. Once your donation has been made you will receive a copy of my The Guide to Spices and their Uses PDF file which contains a description of 57 spices along with recipes showing you how to use them. In addition the book contains recipes and techniques to create restaurant-style curries at home (recipes that are not on this website). Any donation you make goes towards the Help Stefan charity campaign. For more information see the Frequently Asked Questions. Also, if you purchase a book through any of the Amazon links below then a portion of the price will go to the maintenance of this site. Thank you for your help in keeping 'Celtnet Recipes' running. |
If you're looking for a particular recipe, or a recipe using a particular ingredient or set of ingredients, why not try my recipe search facility. You can even use a combination of period and ingredient such as 'Elizabethan Lamb' or 'medieval eggs'.
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Rather than being a British or English invention, Chutneys originated in India and were re-worked during the 18th century as a means of preserving autumn fruit and vegetables. Here you get a recipe for a classic Indian chatni and a British chutney so you can see how one evolved into the other.
Much of what we know, historically, about English cookery originates from the grand houses, as only these recipes were written down in recipes. The food of the 'common man' had to rely on oral tradition to be transmitted through the ages. As a result we know far more about the cookery of the grand houses than the cookery of the common man. This all changed in the Victorian ear with the rise of the middle classes and the adoption of recipes, spices and cookery methods from elsewhere in the world.
Many cooks are apprehensive about baking, thinking it to be an extremely laborious and involved process. Following a complicated recipe and ensuring that everything is 'just so'. In fact, the basic sponge cake recipe is a very simple one and this article takes you through some of the rules and pitfalls of baking and gives you two sponge cake recipes to try. Follow this guide and they will come out perfectly every time.
The egg is one of nature's finest storage foods, packed with protein and fats. Chickens have been domesticated several times throughout human history and they are mankind's commonest domesticated animal, raised for meat and eggs. Here you will learn a little about eggs, why they are important in cookery and how they have been used throughout the ages.
A curry in a South Asian or Southeast Asian dish of meat or vegetables cooked in a spiced gravy. The traditions of classic curries lie in India (and the name derives from there) but these days curries have become a truly international dish. Here a classic spice blend and classic curry made from it is presented.
Fusion cooking is the blending of ingredients and cooking techniques from different areas of the globe. Though most people thing of Asian-influenced dishes as being typically 'Fusion' modern Fusion cuisines can represent dishes influenced by the foods of any region of the world. Though South-east Asian, African, Middle Eastern and Indian influences tend to predominate. Here you will learn a little more about fusion cookery and will be presented with a classic Australian fusion dish.
Beans are a classic storage food and have been a staple of the human diet for millennia. In recent decades, however, we have forgotten just how useful and versatile beans are. Here is a brief description of the importance of beans, with two classic bean recipes for you to try.
The Romans were the first peoples to formally add a dessert course at the end of a meal. Here you will learn a little about why we like sweet desserts and why they all, in one way or another, echo the fruit our ancestors used to eat. You will also see two recipes for classic fruit-based desserts.
Chicken is perhaps one of the most versatile meats available to the cook. Partly because chickens grow quickly but also because chicken meat, if cooked properly, remains tender and succulent during the cooking process. Chicken also lends itself to a vast array of cooking methods from stewing to roasting. Here you will learn a little about chickens and chicken meats along with two classic chicken recipes.
Here is a simple step-by-step guide to letting you get the most from your cake baking. This article takes you through some of the history, science and practicalities of cake making so you will know not only what to do, but why your should do it. Armed with this information you can turn out perfect light and creamy cakes time after time...
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