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Montenegro, officially: Црна Гора, (Crna Gora, Transliteration); is a country located on the Adriatic sea in the Balkan region of Southeastern Europe. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (former Royal Capital). Montenegro's native name, Crna Gora, sometimes transliterated as Tsrna Gora ("Black Mountain"), is mentioned for the first time in 1296 by Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin and lies in the Slavic reference to excessively mountainous regions, often emerging in the medieval Serbian realm. The first recorded peoples of the region were the Docleata Illyrians who displaced the original Neolithic settlers. By 9CE, in concert with their conquest of the remainder of the Balkans the region of Montenegro had become a part of the Roman Empire. Slavs massively colonized the area in the 5th and 6th centuries, forming a semi-independent principality, Doclea. By the late 11th this region had become an autonomous monarchy. But by the end of the 12th century it had become fully fully incorporated into a Serbian realm, with the region (called Zeta) governed by the Serbian Nemanjic dynasty. In 1421 the region was annexed to the Serbian Despotate, but after 1455 the Crnojevićs royal family of Zeta ruled Montenegro that until the end of the 15th century (and this became the last free monarchy of the Balkans), with the region finally falling to the Ottomans in 1499. For a short period (1514–1528) Montenegro existed as an autonomous region within the Ottoman Empire (and again attained autonomous status between 1597 and 1614). During the 17th century the Montenegrins raised numerous rebellions, culminating with the Ottoman defeat in the Great Turkish War at the end of that century. Subsequently Montenegro became a theocracy but was effectively ruled by governors appointed by the Venetian Republic. Under Nicholas I, the Principality of Montenegro vastly advanced and enlarged several times in the Montenegro-Turkish Wars and achieved recognition of independence in 1878. Modernization of the state followed, culminating with the draft of a Constitution in 1905. n 1910 Montenegro became a Kingdom. It initiated the Balkan wars in 1912 and 1913 in which the Ottomans lost all lands in the Balkans, achieving a common border with Serbia. In World War I in 1914 Montenegro sided with Serbia against the Central Powers, suffering a full scale defeat to Austria-Hungary in early 1916. In 1918 the Allies liberated Montenegro, which was subsequently merged with Serbia. In 1922 Montenegro formally became the Zeta Area of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and in 1929 it became a part of a larger Zeta Banate of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In World War II Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis forces in 1941, who established a puppet Independent State of Montenegro, liberated by the Yugoslav Partisans in 1944. Montenegro became a constituent republic of the communist Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), its capital renamed to Titograd in honor of Partisan leader and SFRY president Josip "Tito" Broz. In 1996, Milo Đukanović's government severed ties between Montenegro and the Serbian regime, which was then under Milošević. Montenegro formed its own economic policy and adopted the German Deutsche Mark as its currency. It has since adopted the Euro, though it is not formally part of the Eurozone currency union. The status of the union between Montenegro and Serbia was decided by the referendum on Montenegrin independence on May 21, 2006 in which the vote for independence was narrowly passed. On June 3, 2006, the Parliament of Montenegro declared the independence of Montenegro. Montenegro is a member of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Council of Europe and Montenegro is also a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean. It is also a potential candidate for membership in the European Union and NATO. The cuisines of Montengro's heartlands and Adriatic coast have a distinclty Mediterranean (particularly Itlianate) flavour. There are also influences from Turkey via the Ottoman Empire and from Hungary via the Austro Hungarian empire. The sweet dishes, particularly crêpes, cakes and biscuits have a distinctly continental European flavour, with Viennese-style gâteaux and breads being a speciality. As might be expected, seafood and fish dishes are especially prevalent. |
The alphabetical list of recipes from Montenegro follows (limited to 100 recipes per page). There are 12 recipes in total:
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