Welcome to the Celtnet Bread Recipes Home Page

Welcome to Celtnet's Bread Recipes — This is the first of an occasional series on staple foods and dishes. We know that bread has been baked for at least 7000 yars, from the stone age through to today. Indeed, before the availability of potatoes bread formed the staple foodstuff of much of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. As a foodstuff bread is so versatile that almost any starch-based foundation can be used for the production of bread (not just oats, wheat and barley). Indeed, there is a move now to introduce more millet (a native African grain) into the breads of Africa, as wheat only grows in a few African countries. Other breads include flours made from cassava, yams and plantains as well as grated or mashed versions of these foodstuffs. As a bread can be any type of savoury baked dough that includes a rising agent (typically yeast, but also baking soda) I'm using a fairly loose definition in terms of selecting bread recipes for inclusion on this page. I also have bread recipes from the stone age to the present day as well as representative breads from all across the globe. Bread is incredibly versatile as a foodstuff, keeps for many days and there's nothing like the aroma of your own freshly-baked bread filling your kitchen on a sunny weekend morning.

We know that breads have been made for at least 7000 years, based on the archaeological record. But it's likely that bread (using wild yeasts) has been made for much longer than that.

Once critical factor in making bread, at least traditional 'leavened' bread where yeast is the rising agent is the capture and storage of the yeast culture. The recipe below tells you how to make 'leaven', a live yeast culture and gives a taste of how our forebears might have kept their yeast cultures alive and flourishing.

Leaven

Once you have your leaven or yeast culture, you can now use this to make your bread: Leavened Bread

Of course, once you have your basic bread recipe you can play around with it to make a richer variant, as for feasts: Rich Bread. Or you can add fruit and herbs or other flavourings to make it different and potentially more interesting: Fruited Bread


We know quite a lot about Roman breads because of the works of such writers as Cato and Apicius. Though a number of the breads that survive are actually either special types of breads used at feasts or large meals or they are breads used for sacred purposes or as offerings. This, of course, does not make the bread recipes given here any less tasty!

Libum

Hapalos Artos

Boletinos Artos

Mustacei

Streptikos Artos

Libum (Diced Cheese Bread)


Breads during the Medieval period were also fairly similar to their ancient and Roman counterparts. Though one major development was the advent of: Sourdough Bread. The Medieval period also sees the development of risen cakes that are also termed 'breads', such as the classic: Gyngerbrede (Gingerbread).

A special form of bread, known as a 'trencher' (I have a Trencher recipe here) was also used instead or a plate and the ingredients for a meal would be piled on this bowl-shaped bread and both the bread and its contents would be consumed.


Because more books and manuscripts survive from the Elizabethan period we have more knowledge of the breads and bread-like cakes produced during this time. Examples include:

To make Knotts or Gumballs

Iumbolls

Shellbread

Short Cakes

Course Ginger Bread

Manchet

The recipes presented here are for confections called 'breads' but which are actually, in terms of any meaningful definition cakes. They all have a raising ingredient and many are cooked in loaf tins, which may account for the confusion in terminology encountered.

Below is a table of varous fruit-based breads, ranging from banana bread to pumpkin bread with many variations in betwen. These are really cakes, using baking soda as a raising agent, but which are invariably cooked in a loaf tin.

Date and Walnut LoafDate Loaf
Apple Bread with ToppingPineapple Bread
Banana Bread 1Banana Bread 2
Breadfruit BreadCarrot and Coconut Bread
Coconut BreadPapaya Bread
Philippines Banana BreadPumpkin Bread
Bara BrithLemon Nut Loaf
Altdeutsche BrotchenNthochi Bread

The following 'breads' all have a starch source other than flour to bulk-out the cake. Many of these recipes are African in origin.

Liberian Cassava BreadLiberian Rice Bread
Cassava and Plantain BreadPan di Spagna
Caribbean Cassava BreadPhilippines Cassava Bread

The following buns or cakes all have yeast as a rising agent. In effect they're 'sweet breads' though they are often classed in culinary terms as cakes:

Dresdner StollenPanettone
Hot Cross BunsNigerian Buns
Chelsea Bun (Recipe 1)Chelsea Bun (Recipe 2)
Sticky Buns

Finally we have another type of cake or biscuit that's generally called a bread — and that's 'gingerbread'. The original recipes for this go back to the Middle ages where bread was used in the prodution of this confection. Gingerbreads can range from hard biscuits to risen cakes and here are a selection of recipes from throughout the ages:

GyngerbredeCourse Ginger Bread
GingerbreadOatmeal Gingerbread
Gingerbread MenPlantain Gingerbread






Great Desserts of Britain

By gwydion | Published 2008-09-15 16:27:27 | 2008 Recipes and Cookery Articles |

Recipe Information:

British cookery is often treated as 'poor relation' in terms of European cuisine. And whilst this may well have been true in the past, there has always been one area of cookery where Britain has always excelled... the production of desserts. Here you will find recipes for two classic British desserts.

Cooking with Beans - Simple Bean Recipes

By gwydion | Published 2008-10-20 14:41:33 | 2008 Recipes and Cookery Articles |

Recipe Information:

Beans are a classic storage food and have been a staple of the human diet for millennia. In recent decades, however, we have forgotten just how useful and versatile beans are. Here is a brief description of the importance of beans, with two classic bean recipes for you to try.

Don't Fear Baking - Making Cakes is Easy!

By gwydion | Published 2008-06-30 17:02:53 | 2008 Recipes and Cookery Articles |

Recipe Information:

Many cooks are apprehensive about baking, thinking it to be an extremely laborious and involved process. Following a complicated recipe and ensuring that everything is 'just so'. In fact, the basic sponge cake recipe is a very simple one and this article takes you through some of the rules and pitfalls of baking and gives you two sponge cake recipes to try. Follow this guide and they will come out perfectly every time.

Chinese Construction Machinery On the International Market

By William_Blair280 | Published 2009-09-20 18:39:10 | 2009 Recipes and Cookery Articles |

Recipe Information:

The article focuses on the Chinese construction machinery sector, its rapid development and changes that have taken place due to the global economic crisis.

Cooking with Hazelnuts - Hazelnut-based Recipes

By gwydion | Published 2008-10-15 18:38:04 | 2008 Recipes and Cookery Articles |

Recipe Information:

Hazelnuts are an important part of the Autumn's bounty and humans have been collecting and harvesting them for many thousands of years. Today, however, we tend to use them only as nuts and do not cook with them. To re-dress the balance, here is an introduction to hazelnuts along with some hazelnut-based recipes for you to try at home.

Chilli Recipes

By gwydion | Published 2008-02-27 21:57:49 | 2008 Recipes and Cookery Articles |

Recipe Information:

Chillies are a South American fruit, unknown to the rest of the world before 1492. Learn about this amazing spice and find two rather unusual chilli-based recipes for a jam and a sorbet

Making the Most of Chicken - Chicken Recipes

By gwydion | Published 2008-10-23 14:36:25 | 2008 Recipes and Cookery Articles |

Recipe Information:

Chicken is perhaps one of the most versatile meats available to the cook. Partly because chickens grow quickly but also because chicken meat, if cooked properly, remains tender and succulent during the cooking process. Chicken also lends itself to a vast array of cooking methods from stewing to roasting. Here you will learn a little about chickens and chicken meats along with two classic chicken recipes.

The Recipes of Nigeria

By gwydion | Published 2008-08-08 18:05:06 | 2008 Recipes and Cookery Articles |

Recipe Information:

Nigeria has a very vibrant and dynamic culture and this is reflected in the country's food. Staples remain stews ('soups' in West African parlance) and staples based on grains, cassava flour and millet. Here you will see two authentic Nigerian recipes to help you gain a flavour for this country's cuisines.

The History of Chillies and Their Use as a Spice

By gwydion | Published 2008-10-29 08:18:24 | 2008 Recipes and Cookery Articles |

Recipe Information:

Chillies (chili, chilé, ají) is an amazing spice that originates in Central and Northern South America. It was unknown in the Old World until the early 1500 but by 1549 had made its way across the world from Europe through Africa, the Near East and had reached China and Japan. Learn about the history of the spread of chillies and why this is such an amazing spice.

How to Prepare the Perfect Pastry

By gwydion | Published 2008-10-10 15:07:59 | 2008 Recipes and Cookery Articles |

Recipe Information:

Pastry is one of the most basic components of cooking, needed for pies, tarts and cake bases of many types. It originates in the ancient method of applying a paste of flour and water to baked meats to protect them in the fire. But, in the Middle Ages fats were added and modern pastry was born. Learn a little about the different pastry types and see a recipe for a traditional classic flaky pastry.


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