This page gives a botanical index of all the plants named and described in this website. This is really given as a resource for readers familiar with systematic biology. Wherever possible I have used only the latest names for the class and species and if there are any ambiguities in the classifications I have always used the classifications based on the latest molecular biological assignments. The Basis for the classification on this page being the APG II system.

To help orient you I give a top-level division of the plant knigdom on the left (the two main divisions at the Subkingdom level being into cellular plants [mosses, algae, liverworts etc] and vascular plants which are further sub-divided at the Superdivision level into spore-producing plants (ferns) and seed-producing plants. Most (but not all) the plants on this site belong to the Spermatophyta (plants that multiply by seed) and a given taxon is listed only if it contains at least one species that's referred to on this site. It should be noted that (at the division level) the Spermatophyta used to be divided into Magnoliophyta (Flowering Plants) and Gymnospermae (naked-seed plants) but the Gymnospermae are now regarded as paraphyletic in origina and the former sub-divisions of Gymnospermae have now been promoted to equal rank as divisions. Hence we now have Pinophyts (conifers), Ginjgophyta (ginkgo), Cycadophyta (cycads) and Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes) alongside flowering plants in this classification. Quick access to the subclasses: Ulvophyceae:   Ulvaceae Pinopsida:   Cupressaceae Liliopsida:   Liliidae — Zingiberidae — Commelinidae — Arecidae Magnoliopsida:   Magnoliidae — Caryophyllidae — Hamamelididae — Rosidae — Asteridae — Dilleniidae — Cornidae — Lamiidae

Plantae

The entire kingdom of plants of which some 350,000 species are believed to exist.

• Division Chlorophyta

  Class Ulvophyceae

  The Ulvophyceae or Ulvophytes are class of green algae, many of which are edible and which are primarily distinguished on the basis of varying ultrastructural morphplogy. Most are seaweeds, though the class also contains fresh-water members and species that are classed as 'weeds'.

  Order Ulvales

  The Ulvales represent an order of green algae.

  family Ulvaceae

  This is the family of green algae.

  Genus Ulva

  The genus Ulva contains the sea lettuces a group of edible green algae widely distributed along the coasts of the world's oceans. The type species is Ulva lactuca Linnaeus.

  Ulva lactuca (Sea Lettuce)
  

• Division Pinophyta

  Class Pinopsida

  The Pinopsida comprises all the extant and extinct conifers.

  Order Pinales

  The Order Pinales comprises all the extant conifers which represent the vast majority of all modern naked-seed plants (almost 500 species). Their distinguishing feature is the production of a reproductive structure known as a 'cone'.

  family Cupressaceae

  The Cupressaceae or cypress family is a conifer family with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27 to 30 genera with about 130-140 species. For the most part they are mostly trees and shrubs with evergreen needle-shaped leaves. Many species produce aromatic essential oils.

  Genus Juniperus

  The genus Juniperus are coniferous plants of which there are between 50–67 species which are widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the mountains of Central America in the New World.

  Juniperus communis (Juniper Berries)
  

• clade angiosperms

  family Amborellaceae

  family Chloranthaceae

  family Hydnoraceae

  family Nymphaeaceae [+ family Cabombaceae]

  family Rafflesiaceae

  family Schisandraceae

  family Trimeniaceae

  order Austrobaileyaceae

  The Order Austrobaileyaceae consists of several dozen woody plants which is part of the APG II classification system which places it amongst the basal angiosperms. The order contains three families: Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae and Trimeniaceae of which only the Illiciaceae have food value.

  family Illiciaceae

  The Illiciaceae or star-anise family is a family containing a single genus, the Illicium which occurring in Southeast Asia and the New World (the West Indies and the adjacent areas of North America).

  Genus Illicium

  The genus Illicium contains 42 species of evergreen shrubs and small trees, and is the sole genus in family Illiciaceae. The species are native to the tropical and subtropical regions of eastern and southeastern Asia, southeastern North America, and the West Indies.

  llicium verum (Star Anise)
  

  order Canellales

  The Order Canellales represents some of the morphologically most primitive flowering plants and brings together the Canellaceae and Winteracea families.

  family Canellaceae

  family Winteraceae

  The Winteraceae Tasmanian Pepper family includes 120 species of branched trees and shrubs in 9 genera. They are predominantly found in the Southern Hemisphere in tropical to temperate climate regions of Malesia, Oceania, eastern Australia, New Zealand, Madagascar and the Neotropic. Many members of the family are fragrant, and are used to produce essential oils.

  Genus Tasmannia

  The genus Tasmannia contains about a dozen woody, evergreen flowering plants of the family Winteraceae. The species of Tasmannia are native to Australia, New Guinea, Celebes, Borneo, and Philippines. The Winteraceae are palaeodicots, and are considered one of the most primitive flowering plants because of the floral anatomy and wood structure.

  Tasmannia lanceolata (Tasmanian Pepper Berries)
  

  order Ceratophyllales

  family Ceratophyllaceae

  order Laurales

  The Order Laurales includes about 2500-2800 species from 85-90 genera, which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical and subtropical, though a few genera reach the temperate zone.

  family Atherospermataceae

  family Calycanthaceae

  family Gomortegaceae

  family Hernandiaceae

  family Lauraceae

  The Lauraceae (laurel) family contains about 55 genera and over 2000 (perhaps as many as 4000) species world-wide, mostly from warm or tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and Brazil. Most are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but Sassafras and one or two other genera are deciduous, and Cassytha is a genus of parasitic vines.

  Genus Laurus

  The genus Laurus represents three species of evergreen trees belonging to the Laurel family, Lauraceae.

  Laurus nobilis (Bayleaves)
  

  Genus Cinnamomum

  The genus Cinnamomum represents over 300 species of evergreen trees and shrubs that are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of North America, Central America, South America, Asia, Oceania and Australasia.

  Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon)
  Cinnamomum aromaticum (Cassia)
  Cinnamomum tamala (Indian Bay-leaves)
  

  family Monimiaceae

  The Monimiaceae family is an ancient family of flowering plants, known in the fossil record from the Cretacious onwards. The family includes 150-220 species of shrubs and small trees in 18-25 genera. They are native to the southern hemisphere tropics and subtropics.

  Genus Peumus

  The genus Peumus contains but a single species, the boldo tree of central Chile.

  Peumus boldus (Boldo)
  

  family Siparunaceae

  order Magnoliales

  family Annonaceae

  The Annonaceae or custard apple family is a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs or lianas. With about 2300 to 2500 species in 120 to 130 genera, it is the largest family in the Magnoliales. The vast majority of this family's members are known from the tropics, with only a few species found in temperate regions. The family includes edible fruit such as the custard apple, cherimoya, soursop, pawpaw and biriba).

  Genus Xylopia

  The genus Xylopia contains half a dozen species native to Central Africa and South America that produce dense clusters of green pods which are dried and used locally as a spice.

  Xylopia aethiopica (Kili Pepper)
  Xylopia striata (Senegal Pepper)
  

  Genus Monodora

  The genus Monodora is a small genus of flowering trees and bushes whose archetype is the Calabash Nutmeg, Monodora myristica.

  Monodora myristica (Calabash Nutmeg)
  

  family Degeneriaceae

  family Eupomatiaceae

  family Himantandraceae

  family Magnoliaceae

  family Myristicaceae

  The Myristicaceae or nutmeg family consists of about twenty genera, with several hundred species, of trees and shrubs, found in tropical areas across the world.

  Genus Myristica

  The genus Myristica (nutmegs) contains a about a hundred species of evergreen trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia of which nutmeg, Myristica fragrans is the archetype.

  Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg and Mace)
  

  order Piperales

  The Order Piperales contails five families of flowerings plants: Aristolochiaceae, Hydnoraceae, Lactoridaceae, Piperaceae and Saururaceae.

  family Aristolochiaceae

  family Lactoridaceae

  family Piperaceae

  The Piperaceae represents a family of flowering plants sometimes known as the 'pepper' family. The best known species is 'black pepper' Piper nigrum which is economocally very important. The family consists of about a dozen genera, totalling two to three thousand species of plants that are typically aromatic.

  Genus Piper

  The genus Piper includes about 1,000–2,000 species of shrubs, herbs, and lianas which are distributed pan-tropically

  Piper nigrum (Black Pepper)
  Piper longum (Long Pepper)
  Piper cubeba (Cubeb Pepper)
  Piper guineense (Ashanti Pepper)
  Piper auritum (Mexican Pepperleaf)
  

  family Saururaceae

  clade monocots

  family Corsiaceae

  family Japonoliriaceae

  family Nartheciaceae

  family Petrosaviaceae

  family Triuridaceae

  order Acorales

  family Acoraceae

  order Alismatales

  family Alismataceae

  family Aponogetonaceae

  family Araceae

  family Butomaceae

  family Cymodoceaceae

  family Hydrocharitaceae

  family Juncaginaceae

  family Limnocharitaceae

  family Posidoniaceae

  family Potamogetonaceae

  family Ruppiaceae

  family Scheuchzeriaceae

  family Tofieldiaceae

  family Zosteraceae

  order Asparagales

  The Asparagales order includes 28 families of monocotyledonous flowering plants, including the ecomomincally very importaint Alliacea (onion) family.

  family Agapanthaceae

  family Agavaceae

  family <Alliaceae

  The Alliaceae (onion family) of monocotyledonous herbaceous perennial flowering plants. The family includes twenty genera, of which the most commercially important is Allium.

  Genus Allium

  The genus Allium includes about 1250 species of perennial bulbous plants that produce chemical compounds that give them a characteristic onion or garlic taste and odor, and many are used as food plants. Allium species occur in temperate climates of the northern hemisphere, except for a few species occurring in Chile (as Allium juncifolium), Brazil (Allium sellovianum) or tropical Africa (Allium spathaceum).

  Allium sativum (Garlic)
  Allium schoenoprasum (Chives)
  Allium schoenoprasum (Chives (Wild))
  Allium ursinum (Ramsons)
  

  family Amaryllidaceae

  family <Anemarrhenaceae

  family Anthericaceae

  family Aphyllanthaceae

  family Asparagaceae

  family Asphodelaceae

  family Asteliaceae

  family Behniaceae

  family Blandfordiaceae

  family Boryaceae

  family Convallariaceae

  family Doryanthaceae

  family Hemerocallidaceae

  family Herreriaceae

  family Hyacinthaceae

  family Hypoxidaceae

  family Iridaceae

  The Iridaceae (Iris) family is a family of perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome. The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Up to 80 genera have been recognised in the family, with a total of around 1500 species, world wide with the greatest number of species coming from the African tropics.

  Genus Crocus

  The genus Crocus represents eighty species that are native to a large area from coastal and subalpine areas of central and southern Europe (including the islands of the Aegean), North Africa and the Middle East, across Central Asia to western China. Typically they are hardy perennials and are found a wide range of habitats, including woodland, scrub and meadows. The most economically important member of this family is Crocus sativus, the Saffron Crocus.

  Crocus sativus (Saffron)
  

  family Ixioliriaceae

  family Lanariaceae

  family Laxmanniaceae

  family Orchidaceae

  The Orchidaceae (Orchid) family is the largest and most diverse of the flowering plant (Angiospermae) families, with over 800 described genera and 25,000 species (with a further 100,000+ hybrids and cultivars produced by horticulturists). They are distributed world-wide (including within the arctic cricle). The most commercially important orchid being the genus Vanilla which includes tha vanilla pod, used as a food flavouring.

  Genus Vanilla

  The genus Vanilla includes over a hundred separate species, distributed acorss the world's tropical zones. Of these, a single species, Vanilla planifolia, is by far the most commercially important as it provides the vanilla pod, the source of a major food flavouring.

  Vanilla planifolia (Vanilla)
  

  family Tecophilaeaceae

  family Themidaceae

  family Xanthorrhoeaceae

  family Xeronemataceae

  order Dioscoreales

  family Burmanniaceae

  family Dioscoreaceae

  The Dioscoreaceae (Yam) family represents about 750 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants distributed in eight or nine genera. By far the most important species and the family archetype is the yam, a staple carbohydrate sorce for many peoples.

  Genus Dioscorea

  The genus Dioscorea represents over 600 species of flowering plants in the family Dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates. They are tuberous herbaceous perennial lianas, growing to 2-12 m or more tall and several species, known as yams, are important agricultural crops in tropical regions, grown for their large tubers and are particularly important in parts of Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

  Dioscorea cayenensis (Yellow Yam)
  Dioscorea rotundata (White Yam)
  

  family Taccaceae

  family Thismiaceae

  family Trichopodaceae

  order Liliales

  family Alstroemeriaceae

  family Campynemataceae

  family Colchicaceae

  family Liliaceae

  family Luzuriagaceae

  family Melanthiaceae

  family Philesiaceae

  family Ripogonaceae

  family Smilacaceae

  order Pandanales

  family Cyclanthaceae

  family Pandanaceae

  The Pandanacese represent a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants native to the tropics of the Old World which includes four genera.

  Genus Pandanus

  The genus Pandanus (Screwpines) includes 40 species of dioecious monocotyledonous plants that produce edible fruit and many have edible leaves.

  Pandanus amaryllifolius (Pandan Leaves)
  

  family Stemonaceae

  family Velloziaceae

  clade commelinoids

  family Abolbodaceae

  family Bromeliaceae

  family Dasypogonaceae

  family Hanguanaceae

  family Mayacaceae

  family Rapateaceae

  order Arecales

  The order Arecales includes only a single family of palms, the Arecaceae, (formerly known as Palmae).

  family Arecaceae

  The Arecaceae (Palm) family is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. There are roughly 202 currently known genera with around 2600 species, most of which are restricted to tropical, subtropical, and possibly warm temperate climates. Palms represent one of the most well-known and extensively cultivated plant families, yielding many common products and foodstuffs.

  Genus Elaeis

  The genus Elaeis includes two species, the African and American oil palms, both of which are economically important in the production of oils.

  Elaeis guineensis (African Oil Palm)
  

  Genus Metroxylon

  The genus Metroxylon includes a dozen species of which by far the most commercially important is Metroxylon sagu, the source of the starchy compound sago.

  Metroxylon sagu (Sago)
  

  order Commelinales

  family Commelinaceae

  family Haemodoraceae

  family Philydraceae

  family Pontederiaceae

  order Poales

  family Anarthriaceae

  family Centrolepidaceae

  family Cyperaceae

  The Cypearacea (Sedge) family is a taxon of monocot flowering plants that superficially resemble grasses or rushes. The family is large, with some 4,000 species described in about 70 genera. These species are widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical Asia and tropical South America. Once well-known member of this family being the water chestnut Eleocharis dulcis.

  Genus Cyperus

  The genus Cyperus includes almost 600 species of sedges that are distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions. They are annual or perennial plants, mostly aquatic and growing in still or slow-moving water up to 0.5 m deep. These include the papyrus Cyperus papyrus and the galingale Cyperus longus.

  Cyperus longus (Galingale)
  

  family Ecdeiocoleaceae

  family Eriocaulaceae

  family Flagellariaceae

  family Hydatellaceae

  family Joinvilleaceae

  family Juncaceae

  family Poaceae

  The Poaceae represent a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants that are usually called grasses. There are about 600 genera and between 9 000–10 000 species of grasses. This is by far the most economically important of all plant families as it it includes the staple food grains grown around the world, lawn and forage grasses, and bamboo, widely used for construction throughout Asia.

  Genus Cymbopogon

  The genus Cymbopogon includes about 55 species of grasses, native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Old World and Oceania. All these species are typially referred to as 'lemongrass' and have a distinct lemony aroma. However, the typical lemongrass used in cookery is Cymbopogon citratus which is assumed to have its origins in Malaysia.

  Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass)
  

  Genus Oryza

  The genus Oryza represents some 20 species of grasses that are native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. They are tall wetland grasses, growing to 1-2 m tall; the genus includes both annual and perennial species. The species Oryza sativa (rice) represents a major food crop of global importance.

  Oryza sativa (Arborio Rice)
  Oryza sativa (Basmati Rice)
  Oryza sativa (Thai Fragrant Rice)
  

  family Prioniaceae

  family Restionaceae

  family Sparganiaceae

  family Thurniaceae

  family Typhaceae

  family Xyridaceae

  order Zingiberales

  family Cannaceae

  family Costaceae

  family Heliconiaceae

  family Lowiaceae

  family <Marantaceae

  The Marantaceae (arrowroot) family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known for their large starchy rhizomes. There are some 530 species in 31 genera, of which Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) is the most economically important.

  Genus Maranta

  The genus Maranta includes a number of rainforest plants with large starchy rhizomes, many of which are cultivated for their large decorative leaves. By far the most economically important member of the family is Arrowroot, Maranta arundinacea.

  Maranta arundinacea (Arrowroot)
  

  family Musaceae

  The Musaceae represents a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. In current definitions the family includes either two or three genera (depending upon acceptance of the genus Musella). The family includes the economically important plants Plantain (em>Musa × paradisiaca) and banana (Musa acuminata).

  Genus Musa

  The genus Musa (banana) includes over 50 species many of which are economically important foodstuffs. A number of distinct groups of edible bananas have been developed from species of Musa. By far the largest and now the most widely distributed group is derived from Musa acuminata (mainly) and Musa balbisiana either alone or in various hybrid combinations. The next but much smaller group is derived from members of section Callimusa (previously classified as Australimusa) and is restricted in importance to Polynesia. Of even more restricted importance are small groups of hybrids in Papua New Guinea; a section Musa group to which Musa schizocarpa has also contributed and a group of section Musa x section Callimusa hybrids.

  Musa × paradisiaca (Plantain)
  

  family Strelitziaceae

  family Zingiberaceae

  The Zingiberaceae (ginger) family is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants that consists of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes, comprising some 52 genera and more than 1300 species, distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia and the Americas. The family is known bot for is aromatic and spicy roots (as in Ginger Zingiber officinale) and for pungent seeds (as in Elettaria cardamomum, green cardamom).

  Genus Aframomum

  The genus Aframomum consists of about a dozen species, all native to Africa and which produce caramom-like fruit with pungent seeds.

  Aframomum citratum (Alligator pepper)
  Aframomum danielli (Alligator pepper)
  Aframomum exscapum (Alligator pepper)
  Aframomum melegueta (Grains of Paradise)
  

  Genus Alpinia

  The genus Alpinia is a large genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants of the ginger family consisting of more that 230 species. They occur in tropical and subtropical climates of Asia and the Pacific, and are in great demand as ornamentals because of their showy flowers. Economically the most important is >Alpinia galanga (Galangal), a crucial ingredient in many south-east Asian dishes.

  Alpinia galanga (Greater Galangal)
  Alpinia officinarum (Lesser Galangal)
  

  Genus Amomum

  The genus Amomum consists of several types of Cardamom plants and are noted for producing seeds with pungent and aromatic properties. Of these the best known is Amomum subulatum, Black Cardamom.

  Amomum subulatum (Black cardamom)
  Amomum tsao-ko (Black cardamom)
  

  Genus Boesenbergia

  The genus Boesenbergia consists of half a dozen species with distinctive rhizomes that are generally termed 'Chinese ginger' or 'Fingerroot'. These are all important medicinal and culinary herbs of China and south-east Asia.

  Boesenbergia pandurata (Fingerroot)
  Boesenbergia rotunda (Fingerroot)
  

  Genus Curcuma

  The genus Curcuma consists of about 80 species of monocotyledonous flowerin plants that contains such species as turmeric and Siam Tulip.

  Curcuma longa (Turmeric)
  Curcuma zedoaria (Zedoary Root)
  

  Genus Elettaria

  The genus Elettaria represents either one or two species of cardamoms, native to southeastern Asia from India south to Sri Lanka and east to Malaysia and western Indonesia, where it grows in tropical rainforests. (Some authorities separate Sri Lankan plants out as a separate species Elettaria repens Sonner).

  Elettaria cardamomum (Green Cardamom)
  

  Genus Zingiber

  The genus Zingiber represents seven species classed as 'true ginger', though the most commonly-utilized culinary ginger is Zingiber officinale.

  Zingiber officinale (Ginger)
  

  clade eudicots

  family Buxaceae

  family Didymelaceae

  family Sabiaceae

  family Trochodendraceae [+ family Tetracentraceae]

  order Proteales

  family Nelumbonaceae

  family Platanaceae

  family Proteaceae

  order Ranunculales

  family Berberidaceae

  family Circaeasteraceae [+ family Kingdoniaceae]

  family Eupteleaceae

  family Lardizabalaceae

  family Menispermaceae

  family Papaveraceae [+ family Fumariaceae and family Pteridophyllaceae]

  The Papaveraceae is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants that comprises about 26 genera and about 250 species. The family is cosmopolitan, with species occurring in temperate and subtropical climates. Most are herbaceous plants, but a few are shrubs and small trees.

  Genus Papaver

  The genus Papaver represents some 120 species in total, which are annual, biennial and perennial hardy, frost-tolerant plants growing natively in the temperate climates of Eurasia, Africa and North America (Canada, Alaska, Rocky Mountains). Papaver species grow in disturbed soil and the seeds may remain dormant for several years until the land in which they lie is disturbed. This is why poppies appear so plentiful in cornfields.

  Papaver rhoeas (Field Poppy)
  Papaver somniferum (Poppy)
  

  family Ranunculaceae

  The Ranunculaceae (also known as the 'buttercup') family of dicotyledonous flowering plants consists of 51 to 88 genera, totalling about 2500 species. Ranunculaceae can be found worldwide, but are most common in the temperate and cold areas of the northern hemisphere.

  Genus Nigella

  The genus Nigella represents some 14 species of dicotyledonous flowering plants which are native to southern Europe, north Africa and south-western Asia. Many species are employed as garden flowers, but by far the most economically important is Nigella sativa whose seeds are employed as a spice.

  Nigella sativa (Nigella Seeds)
  

  clade core eudicots

  family Aextoxicaceae

  family Berberidopsidaceae

  family Dilleniaceae

  family Gunneraceae

  family Myrothamnaceae

  family Vitaceae

  order Caryophyllales

  The Order Caryophyllales contains 29 families that include many well-known plants like cacti, carnations, spinach, beet, rhubarb, sundews, and bougainvillea.

  family Achatocarpaceae

  family Aizoaceae

  family Amaranthaceae

  The Amaranthaceae (Amaranth) family contains about 160 genera and 2,400 species. Most of these species are herbs or subshrubs mostly found in subtropical and tropical regions, although many species belong in cool temperate regions.

  Genus Amaranthus
  

  The genus Amaranthus represents a collection of some 60 species that are of economic importance for their edible seeds and leaves. They are native to Asia and the Americas and seveal species have been domesticated.

  Amaranthus cruentus (Amaranth)
  

  Genus Atriplex
  

  Atriplex represents a genus of some 100–200 species known by the common names of saltbush and orache (or orach). The genus is widely distributed and includes many desert and seashore plants and halophytes, as well as plants of moist environments.

  Atriplex patula (Common Orache)
  

  Genus Chenopodium
  

  Chenopodium represents a genus of 150 species of flowering plants, known generically as the Goosefoots. It contains several plants of minor to moderate importance as food crops, both leaf vegetables and pseudo-cereals, including Quinoa, Kañiwa, Fat Hen, Good King Henry, and Epazote.

  Chenopodium album (Fat Hen)
  Chenopodium ambrosioides (Epazote)
  Chenopodium bonus-henricus (Good King Henry)
  Chenopodium quinoa (Quinoa)
  

  Genus Halimione
  

  Halimione represents a small genus of plants that are widely distributed in temperate Eurasia and parts of Africa. Typically they are haplophytes which are found in found in saltmarshes and coastal dunes.

  Halimione portulacoides (Sea Purslane)
  

  Subfamily Salicornioideae
  

  The Salicornioideae represent a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae containing four general, all of which are succulent, coastal, haplotypes.

  Genus Salicornia
  

  Salicornia represents a genus of nearly 60 plants known as glassworts, marsh sampphire and pickleweed many of which have edible leaves.

  Salicornia sp (Marsh Samphire)
  

  family Ancistrocladaceae

  family Asteropeiaceae

  family Basellaceae

  family Cactaceae

  family Caryophyllaceae

  The Caryophyllaceae family (commonly called 'The Pink' or 'The Carnation' family) represents 88 genera and some 2,000 species. Most are distributed in emperate climates, with a few species growing on tropical mountains.

  Genus Stellaria
  

  Stellaria represents a genus of some 90–120 species of flowering plants which are widely distributed in temperate zones.

  Stellaria media (Chickweed)
  

  family Didiereaceae

  family Dioncophyllaceae

  family Droseraceae

  family Drosophyllaceae

  family Frankeniaceae

  family Molluginaceae

  family Nepenthaceae

  family Nyctaginaceae

  family Physenaceae

  family Phytolaccaceae

  family Plumbaginaceae

  family Polygonaceae

  The Polygonaceae family (commonly called the 'knotweed' or 'Smartweed' family) represent some 43 genera, totalling about 1100 species. Numerically the most important are Eriogonum (250 species), Polygonum (200 species), Rumex (200 species), Coccoloba (120 species), and Calligonum (80 species).

  Genus Rumex
  

  Rumex represents a genus of some 200 species of annual, biennial and perennial herbs in the knotweed family Polygonaceae. Members of this family are very common perennial herbs growing in acidic, sour soils mainly in the northern hemisphere, but have been introduced almost everywhere.

  Rumex acetosa (Sorrel)
  Rumex acetosella (Sheep's Sorrel)
  Rumex crispus (Curled Dock)
  

  Genus Fagopyrum
  

  Fagopyrum represents a genus of two species ( Buckwheat or Japanese Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum, and the Tartary Buckwheat Fagopyrum tataricum) that are economically important for their seeds (which is why they are often considered as pseudocereals).

  Fagopyrum esculentum (Buckwheat)
  

  Genus Persicaria
  

  Persicaria represents a genus of 34 species which includes both annual and perennial plants. Most have terminal spikes of pink or sometimes white flowers and many are aggressively-invasive weeds.

  Persicaria bistorta (Bistort)
  Persicaria hydropiper (Water Pepper)
  Persicaria odorata (Vietnamese Coriander)
  

  family Portulacaceae

  family Rhabdodendraceae

  family Sarcobataceae

  family Simmondsiaceae

  family Stegnospermataceae

  family Tamaricaceae

  order Santalales

  family Olacaceae

  family Opiliaceae

  family Loranthaceae

  family Misodendraceae

  family Santalaceae

  order Saxifragales

  family Altingiaceae

  family Cercidiphyllaceae

  family Crassulaceae

  The Crassulaceae (Orpine) family is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants that store water in succulent leaves. The family includes some 1400 species grouped into 33 genera that are distributed worldwide but are mostly found in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Africa.

  Genus Umbilicus
  

  Umbilicus represents a genus of about 20 species found throughout Europe (but predominate in the Mediterranean region).

  Umbilicus rupestris (Pennywort)
  

  family Daphniphyllaceae

  family Grossulariaceae

  family Haloragaceae

  family Hamamelidaceae

  family Iteaceae

  family Paeoniaceae

  family Penthoraceae

  family Pterostemonaceae

  family Saxifragaceae

  family Tetracarpaeaceae

  clade rosids

  family Aphloiaceae

  family Crossosomataceae

  family Ixerbaceae

  family Krameriaceae

  family Picramniaceae

  family Podostemaceae

  family Stachyuraceae

  family Staphyleaceae

  family Tristichaceae

  family Zygophyllaceae

  order Geraniales

  family Francoaceae

  family Geraniaceae [+ family Hypseocharitaceae]

  family Greyiaceae

  family Ledocarpaceae

  family Melianthaceae

  family Vivianiaceae

  clade eurosids I

  family Celastraceae

  family Huaceae

  family Parnassiaceae [+ family Lepuropetalaceae]

  family Stackhousiaceae

  order Cucurbitales

  family Anisophylleaceae

  family Begoniaceae

  family Coriariaceae

  family Corynocarpaceae

  family Cucurbitaceae

  family Datiscaceae

  family Tetramelaceae

  order Fabales

  family Fabaceae

  The Fabaceae represents a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants, which is commonly known as the legume family, pea family, bean family or pulse family. It is the third largest family of flowering plants (after Asteraceae and Orchidaceae) with 650 genera and over 18,000 species.All members can be called legumes, although the term is ordinarily used for agriculturally significant herbaceous members, including pulses, which produce dried seeds, and forage crops. Indeed, the family contains some of our most valuable food crops: including herbs, such as beans, peas, peanuts, soybeans, and lentils, and trees, such as carob and tamarind.

  subfamily Faboideae

  The Faboideae represent a subfamily of the Fabaceae family, containing 30 tribes, which is very widely distributed and contains members that are adapted to a wide variety of environments. Faboideae may be trees, shrubs or herbs. The flowers are classically pea shaped and root nodulation is very common.

  Genus Arachis
  

  Arachis represents a genus of some 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae) and native to South America. The peanut, Arachis hypogaea is a major food crop of global importance whilst other species such as Arachis pintoi are cultivated worlwide as forage and soil conditioner plants, with the leaves providing high protein feed for grazing livestock and a nitrogen source in agroforestry and permaculture systems.

  Arachis hypogaea (Peanut)
  

  Genus Glycyrrhiza
  

  Glycyrrhiza represents a genus of some 18 species distributed across the continents fo Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Americas. The most notable and economically important member of this genus is Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice). Russian Liquorice (G echinata) and Chinese Liquorice (G uralensis, Chinese: gāncǎo, 甘草; [literally 'sweet grass' or 'sweet herb']) are also cultivated, the latter being important in traditional Chinese medicine.

  Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice)
  

  Genus Lens
  

  Lens represents a genus of four species of small, erect or climbing herbs with pinnate leaves and small inconspicuous white flowers and small flattened pods. The edible seeds of Lens species are referred to as lentils with the most economically important species being Lens culinaris.

  Lens culinaris (Puy Lentils)
  

  Genus Trifolium
  

  Trifolium represents a genus of some 300 species, generally known as 'clovers'. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, though the highest diversity is found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere (but many species also occur in South America and Africa). Several species are extensively cultivated as fodder-plants with the most widely cultivated being White clover Trifolium repens and Red clover Trifolium pratense.

  Trifolium pratense (Clover (Red))
  Trifolium repens (Clover (White))
  

  Genus Trigonella
  

  Trigonella represents a large genus of well over eighty species. The most well known (and most economically important) species being Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek).

  Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek)
  

  Genus Ulex
  

  Ulex represents a large genus of some 20 species of evergreen shrubs native to western Europe and northwest Africa, with the majority of species in Iberia. The common name of the genus is 'gorse' with other common names being 'furse', 'whin' and 'furze'. All the species have yellow flowers, some with a very long flowering season.

  Ulex europaeus (Gorse)
  

  subfamily Caesalpinioideae

  The Caesalpinioideae represent a subfamily of the Fabaceae family, containing four tribes. For the most part these represent trees distributed in the moist tropics. Their flowers are zygomorphic, but are very variable. Nodulation is rare in this subfamily, and where it does occur nodules have a primitive structure.

  Genus Ceratonia
  

  Ceratonia represents a genus containing a single species, Ceratonia siliqua (Carob), a tree native to countries surounding the Mediterranean sea.

  Ceratonia siliqua (Carob)
  

  Genus Tamarindus
  

  Tamarindus represents a genus containing a single species, Tamarindus indicus (Tamarind), a subtropical tree native to eastern Africa, including parts of the Madagascar dry deciduous forests. It grows wild throughout the Sudan but has now been introduced into tropical Asia, Australia, Latin America and the Caribbean. The fruit pul is edible and is economically important as it's used as a spice in Asian, Latin American and also West African cuisines, and is also an important ingredient in Worcestershire sauce, HP sauce and the Jamaican-produced Pickapeppa sauce.

  Tamarindus indica (Tamarind)
  

  subfamily Mimosoideae

  The Mimosoideae represent a subfamily of the Fabaceae family characterized by flowers with small petals and numerous prominent stamens. This subfamily is subdivided into five tribes: Acacieae, Ingeae, Mimoseae, Mimozygantheae, and Parkieae.

  Genus Acacia
  

  Acacia represents a genus of some 1300 species, of which 950 are native to Australia with the remainder spread around the tropical to warm-temperate regions of both hemispheres, including Africa, southern Asia, and the Americas.

  Acacia aneura (Acacia)
  

  family Polygalaceae

  family Quillajaceae

  family Surianaceae

  order Fagales

  family Betulaceae

  The Betulaceae (Birch) family includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs numbering about 130 species in all with the family believed to have originated at the end of the Cretaceous period (c. 70 million years ago).

  Genus Betula
  

  Betula represents a genus of over thirty species of small to medium-size trees or shrubs, mostly of northern temperate climates.

  Betula pendula (Birch)
  

  Genus Corylus
  

  Corylus represents a genus of about ten species of deciduous trees and large shrubs native to the temperate northern hemisphere. The common hazel, Corylus avellana is economically important and commercially grown for its nuts, the edible hazelnut. Nuts are also harvested from some of the other species, including the Filbert, from the closely related Balkan species Corylus maxima.

  Corylus avellana (Hazel)
  

  family >Casuarinaceae

  family Fagaceae

  The Fagacea (Beech) family consists of ten genera, of which the most well known is the genus Quercus, the Oak. All members of this family have flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of nuts, one to seven in a scale or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the nut.

  Genus Castanea
  

  Castanea represents a genus of nine species in the Beech family. Chestnuts are native to warm temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and are an important food crop in southern Europe, southwestern and eastern Asia.

  Castanea sativa (Sweet Chestnut)
  

  Genus Fagus
  

  Fagus represents a genus of ten species of deciduous trees native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America.

  Fagus sylvatica (European Beech)
  

  Genus Quercus
  

  Quercus represents a genus of almost 130 species of trees and shrubs. The genus is native to the northern hemisphere, and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cold latitudes to tropical Asia and the Americas.

  Quercus robur (Oak)
  

  family Juglandaceae

  The Juglandaceae (Walnut) family includes eight genera of trees or shrubs which are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia. The trees are wind-pollinated, the flowers usually arranged in catkins, and the fruit is a true botanical nut. The most economically important members of the family are the nut-producing trees walnut (Juglans), pecan (Carya illinoinensis), and hickory (Carya). The common, or Persian walnut, Juglans regia, is one of the major nut crops of the world.

  Genus Juglans
  

  Juglans represents a genus of some 21 species which are deciduous trees and range across the north temperate Old World from southeast Europe east to Japan, and more widely in the New World from southeast Canada west to California and south to Argentina. The best known and most economically important member of the genus is Jugulans regia (Common or Persian Walnut) native from the Balkans in southeast Europe, southwest & central Asia to the Himalaya and southwest China which is widely cultivated for its nuts.

  Juglans regia (Walnut)
  

  family Myricaceae

  The Myrtiaceae represent a small family of three genera of dicotyledonous shrubs and small trees. Members of the family have a wide distribution and are present world-wide (except in Australasia).

  Genus Myrica
  

  Myrica represents a genus of some 35 species with a wide distribution, including Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. The majority of species are evergreen with the type species being Bog Myrtle, Myrica gale.

  Myrica gale (Bog Myrtle)
  

  family Nothofagaceae

  family Rhoipteleaceae

  family Ticodendraceae

  order Malpighiales

  family Achariaceae

  family Balanopaceae

  family Caryocaraceae

  family Chrysobalanaceae

  family Clusiaceae

  family Dichapetalaceae

  family Erythroxylaceae

  family Euphorbiaceae

  The Euphorbiaceae (Spurge) framily is a large family containing some 240 genera and around 6000 species. Most are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are also shrubs or trees. Members of this family are primarily found in the ropics, with the majority of the species in the Indo-Malayan region and tropical America a good second. There is a large variety in tropical Africa, but it is not as abundant or varied as in these two other tropical regions (though species in this family are also found in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, South Africa and southern USA).

  subfamily Crotonoideae

  The Crotonoideae subfamily of the Euphorbiaceae contains some twelve tribes of predominantly tropical flowering plants.

  Genus Manihot
  

  Manihot represents a genus of 98 species found in tropical and warm America. The best known member of this genus is the food plant, cassava, (Manihot esculenta).

  Manihot esculenta (Casssava)
  

  Genus Ricinodendron
  

  Ricinodendron represents a genus containing a single species Ricinodendron heudelotii a fruiting tree which is native to West and Central Africa. This is harvested for its oily seeds that are used as a spice, njangsa.

  Ricinodendron heudelotii (Njangsa)
  

  family Euphroniaceae

  family Flacourtiaceae

  family Goupiaceae

  family Hugoniaceae

  family Humiriaceae

  family Hypericaceae

  family Irvingiaceae

  family Ixonanthaceae

  family Lacistemaceae

  family Linaceae

  family Malesherbiaceae

  family Malpighiaceae

  family Medusagynaceae

  family Ochnaceae

  family Pandaceae

  family Passifloraceae

  family Putranjivaceae

  family Quiinaceae

  family Rhizophoraceae

  family Salicaceae

  family Scyphostegiaceae

  family Trigoniaceae

  family Turneraceae

  family Violaceae

  The Violaceae (Violet) family consists of about 800 species in 21 genera. The archetype for the family is the violet, (Viola spp).

  Genus Viola
  

  Viola (violet and pansy) represents a genus containing around 400–500 species with world-wide distribution (mainly in the temperate Northern Hemisphere but also in Hawaii, Australasia, and the Andes in South America). Most violets are small perennial plants though a few are annuals and there are also some small shrubs in this genus.

  Viola odorata (Sweet Violet)
  

  order Oxalidales

  family Cephalotaceae

  family Connaraceae

  family Cunoniaceae

  family Elaeocarpaceae

  family Oxalidaceae

  The Oxalidaceae (wood sorrel) family consists of eight genera and 900 species of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees. Members of the family are characterized by divided leaves with leaflets that demonstrate 'sleep movements' (ie they close at night and open during the day).

  Genus Oxalis
  

  Oxalis represents a genus of almost 800 species that are found world-wide (and are particularly common in Brazil, Mexico and South Africa). Many members of this genus are characterized by having tuberous roots and several species also reproduce vegetatively by production of bulbils, which detach to produce new plants.

  Oxalis acetosella (Common Wood Sorrel)
  

  family Tremandraceae

  order Rosales

  family Barbeyaceae

  family Cannabaceae

  family Cecropiaceae

  family Celtidaceae

  family Dirachmaceae

  family Elaeagnaceae

  family Moraceae

  family Rhamnaceae

  family Rosaceae

  The Rosaceae (Rose) family is a large family of plants comprising some 3000–4000 species in 100–120 genera. Members of this family are distributed world-wide and includes many important food trees: apples, plums, almonds, cherries.

  subfamily Maloideae

  The Maloideae (apple) subfamily includes 21 genera which are characterized by possession of a pome (a type of accessory fruit) and by a basal haploid chromosome count of 17. The plants are shrubs or trees and include two economically important fruit trees: apples and pears.

  Genus Crataegus
  

  Crataegus (Hawthorn) represents a genus of some 200 species that are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. These are shrubs and small trees characterized by their small pom-type fruit and the posession of thorny branches.

  Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn)
  

  Genus Sorbus
  

  Sorbus (Rowan) represents a genus of some 100–200 species of trees and shrubs mainly found in the temperate zones of Europe, Asia and North America but which also extend to North Africa.

  Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan)
  

  subfamily Prunoideae

  The Prunoideae (plum) subfamily includes two genera and a number of commercially-important fruiting trees: plum, cherry, apricot, peach, and almond. The fruit (sometimes called a 'stone fruit') of these trees is actually a drupe which contains a single hard-shelled seed called a 'stone' or a 'pit'.

  Genus Prunus
  

  Prunus (Plum) represents a genus of some 430 species spread throughout the northern temperate regions of the globe. The majority of species are shrubs and trees and include a number of econimically important cultivars, such as almond, apricot, cherry, peach and plum developed for fruit production.

  Prunus domestica (Wild Plum)
  Prunus dulcis (Almond)
  Prunus mahaleb (Mahlab)
  Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn)
  

  subfamily Rosoideae

  The Rosoideae (rose) subfamily includes a number of shrubs and perennial herbs as well as fruit plants such as strawberries and blackberries.

  Genus Aphanes
  

  Aphanes (Parsley-piert) represents a genus of three species which are all are slender, annual prostrate herbs.

  Aphanes arvensis (Parsley Piert)
  

  Genus Argentina
  

  Argentina (Silverweed) represents a genus of at least three species which are low-growing leafy herbs.

  Argentina anserina (Silverweed)
  

  Genus Filipendula
  

  Filipendula (Meadowsweet) represents a genus of some 12 species of perennial herbaceous plants native o the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

  Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet)
  

  Genus Fragaria
  

  Fragaria (Strawberry) represents a genus of some 20+ species native to the old and new worlds. This family includes commercially cultivated strawberries that is a hybrid Fragaria x ananassa. Strawberries are characterized by their 'accessory fruit' in which the the fleshy part of the seed is derived not from the ovaries which are the 'seeds' (actually achenes) but from the peg at the bottom of the hypanthium that held the ovaries.

  Fragaria vesca (Wild Strawberry)
  

  Genus Geum
  

  Geum (Avens) represents a genus of some 50 species of perennial herbaceous plants that are native to Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa and New Zealand.

  Geum urbanum (Herb Bennet)
  

  Genus Rosa
  

  Rosa (Rose) represents a genus of some 100〓150 species of flowering shrubs. The roses derive from the Northern Hemisphere (most from temperate regions). They produce an aggregate fruit generally germed a 'rose hip' and have spiny outgrowths projecting from the stem which are colloquially called 'thornes' but which, botanically, are prickles.

  Rosa canina (Dog Rose)
  Rosa damascena (Damasc Rose)
  

  Genus Rubus
  

  Rubus (Blackberry) represents a genus of some 12 subgenera and 340+ species that are characterized by the posession of prickles (like roses) and which, typically, have a rambling habit.

  Rosa canina (Dog Rose)
  

  Genus Sanguisorba
  

  Sanguisorba (Burnet) represents a genus of some 15–20 species of perennial herbs or small shrubs native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

  Sanguisorba minor (Salad Burnet)
  

  family Ulmaceae

  family Urticaceae

  The Urticaceae (Nettle) family is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of some 2600 species grouped into 54–79 genera. They are distributed world-wide (excepting the polar regoins) and range in form from shrubs, lianas, herbs and, in a few cases, trees.

  Genus Urtica
  

  Urtica (Nettle) represents a genus of some 35–40 species that are mainly found in temperate regions of the world. The ost prominent member of the genus is the stinging nettle Urtica dioica, which is native to Europe, north Africa, Asia, and North America.

  Rubus fruticosus (Common Blackberry)
  

  clade eurosids II

  family Tapisciaceae

  order Brassicales

  family Akaniaceae [+ family Bretschneideriaceae]

  family Bataceae

  family Brassicaceae

  The Brassicaceae (Mustard or Cabbage) family (also known as Cruciferae) that includes over 350 genera and some 3000 species. The family consists of herbaceous plants with annual, biennial and perennial lifespans which are distributed world-wide (though most species are concentrated in the temperate regions with maximal diversity seen around the Mediterranean). The vast majority of cultivated vegetables fall within this family and it's economic importance cannot be over-stressed. Agriculturally-important crops within the Brassicaceae are often termed cole crops a term that originates in the Latin word caulis (stem).

  Genus Alliaria
  

  Alliaria represents a genus of about half a dozen flowering herbaceous plants which are native to Europe, western and central Asia, and northwestern Africa, from Morocco, Iberia and the British Isles, north to northern Scandinavia, and east to northern India and western China (Xinjiang).

  Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard)
  

  Genus Armoracia
  

  Armoracia represents a genus of about half a dozen flowering herbaceous plants, the most well known member of which is Armoracia rusticana (horseradish) whose long tapering root is used as a spice.

  Armoracia rusticana (Horseradish)
  

  Genus Barbarea
  

  Barbarea represents a genus of some 22 species of small herbaceous biennial or perennial plants with dark green, deeply lobed leaves and yellow flowers that are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

  Barbarea vulgaris (Common Wintercress)
  

  Genus Brassica
  

  Brassica (Cabbage or Mustard) represents a genus of over two-dozen wild species and up to 50 hybrids that are native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and temperate regions of Asia. The genus is notable in that it contains far more important agricultural and horticultural crops than any other genus. Indeed, it dominates in terms of the number and economic value of vegetable species grown for human and animal consumption.

  Brassica hirta (White Mustard Seeds)
  Brassica juncea (Indian Mustard)
  Brassica nigra (Black Mustard Seeds)
  Brassica rapa var campestris (Field Mustard)
  

  Genus Capsella
  

  Capsella represents a genus of some 26 species of herbaceous weeds native to Western Europe.

  Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepherd's Purse)
  

  Genus Cardamine
  

  Cardamine (Bittercress) represents a large genus of some 150 species of annual and perennial dicotyledonous plants which are distributed world-wide (except for Antartica).

  Cardamine hirsuta (Hairy Bittercress)
  

  Genus Cochlearia
  

  Cochlearia (Scurvygrass) represents a genus of some 30 species of annual and perennial dicotyledonous flowering herbs that are widely distributed in temperate and arctic areas of the northern hemisphere (though they are most common in coastal regions).

  Cochlearia officinalis (Common Scurvy-grass)
  

  Genus Crambe
  

  Crambe represents a genus of some 20 species native to Europe, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa.

  Crambe maritima (Sea Kale)
  

  Genus Nasturtium
  

  Nasturtium represents a small genus of seven (mostly aquatic) species that are notable for their peppery taste. The most economically important member of this genus is Nasturtium nasturtium-aquaticum (watercress) which is grown commercially as a salad vegetable.

  Nasturtium nasturtium-aquaticum (Watercress)
  

  Genus Wasabia
  

  Wasabia represents a small genus of about a dozen species, most of which are native to eastern Asia and are grown as a spice because of their pungent roots and stems. Economically the most important member of this genus is Wasabia japonica (Japanese Wasabi) the source of the spice of the same name.

  Wasabia japonica (Wasabi)
  

  family Capparaceae

  The Capparaceae (Caper) family contains some 28 genera and about 700 species that range in morphology from perennial herbs, subshrubs, shrubs or trees, sometimes climbing, scrambling or rarely lianaceous of worldwide distribution. The most well known and most economically important member of this family being Capparis spinosa, the caper.

  Genus Capparis
  

  Capparis represents a genus of about a dozen species of spiny shrubs, most of which are native to the mediterranean. By far the most well known and most economically important member of this genus being Capparis spinosa, the caper. This genus is also notable in that there are species in which every major part of the plant (root, stem, leaves, leaf buds, flowers, seeds) are grown for consumption.

  Capparis spinosa (Caper)
  

  family Caricaceae

  family Emblingiaceae

  family Gyrostemonaceae

  family Koeberliniaceae

  family Limnanthaceae

  family Moringaceae

  family Pentadiplandraceae

  family Resedaceae

  family Salvadoraceae

  family Setchellanthaceae

  family Tovariaceae

  family Tropaeolaceae

  The Tropaeolaceae family incorporates three genera and some 80–90 species of scrambling herbaceouos plants.

  Genus Tropaeolum
  

  Tropaeolum (Nasturtium) represents a genus of roughly 80 species of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants. The genus itself is native to South America, though they are extensively cultivated due to their large, showy, flowers. The plants are edible, making for an especially ornamental salad ingredient, and is used in stir fry. All parts of the plant are edible, not just the flower and leaves.

  Tropaeolum majus (Nasturtium)
  

  order Malvales

  family Bixaceae [+ family Cochlospermaceae]

  The Bixaceae (achiote) family includes three genera and a total of 25 species with the best known species being the achiote Bixa orellana source of annatto seeds.

  Genus Bixa
  

  Bixa represents a genus with but a single species Bixa orellana which is a shrub or small tree from the tropical region of the American continent which is the source of the spice, annatto seeds.

  Bixa orellana (Annatto Seeds)
  

  family Cistaceae

  family Cochlospermaceae

  family Diegodendraceae

  family Dipterocarpaceae

  family Malvaceae

  The Malvaceae (Mallow) family contains nearly 100 genera in nine families totaling almost 1500 species in all. The family is characterized by plants with five showy petals and five green sepals and numerous stamens that are fused at the base and form a tube around the pistil. Most species are herbs or shrubs (though some are trees) which are distributed world-wide.

  Genus Abelmoschus
  

  Abelmoschus represents a genus of about 15 species of flowering plants native to tropical Africa, Asia and northern Australia. All members of the family are perennial herbaceous plants. Though serveral species are edible, the most important commercial species is Abelmoschus esculentus (okra).

  Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra)
  

  Genus Hibiscus
  

  Hibiscus represents a genus of some 200–220 species of flowering plants native to warm temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, and woody shrubs and small trees.

  Hibiscus sabdariffa (Bissap)
  

  Genus Malva
  

  Malva (mallow) represents a genus of some 25 species of herbaceous dicotyledonous flowering plants that are widespread throughout the temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Europe. Many species are edible as leaf vegetables and M verticillata (Chinese: 冬寒菜) is grown on a limited commercial scale in China.

  Malva sylvestris (Common Mallow)
  

  family Muntingiaceae

  family Neuradaceae

  family Sarcolaenaceae

  family Sphaerosepalaceae

  family Thymelaeaceae

  order Myrtales

  family Alzateaceae

  family Combretaceae

  family Crypteroniaceae

  family Heteropyxidaceae

  family Lythraceae

  The Lythraceae (Loosestrife) family includes some 32 genera and 500–600 species, the majority of which are herbs (with some shrubs and trees). The Lythraceae are distributed worldwide and though most species are restricted to the tropics members of the family are also seen in temperate regions.

  Genus Punica
  

  Punica (Pomegranate) represents a small genus of fruit-bearing deciduous shrubs or small trees in which there are only two species: Pomegranate (Punica granatum) from which the spice anardana is also derived and Socotra Pomegranate (Punica protopunica) which has smaller, sourer, fruit.

  Punica granatum (Pomegranate)
  

  family Melastomataceae

  family Memecylaceae

  family Myrtaceae

  The Myrtaceae (Myrtle) family represent about 30 genera (3000 species) of woody flowering plants. They have a wide distribution in tropical and warm-temperate regions of the world, and are typically common in many of the world's biodiversity hotspots.

  Genus Backhousia
  

  Backhousia represents a small genus of five species of flowering plants native to the rainforests of eastern Australia which are all aromatic shrubs or small trees.

  Luma apiculata (Arrayan)
  

  Genus Luma
  

  Luma represents a small genus of two species native to the temperate rainforests of south-western South America. Both are shrubs or small trees with evergreen foliage and red or orange bark.

  Backhousia citriodora (Lemon Myrtle)
  

  Genus Myrtus
  

  Myrtus (myrtle) represents a small genus of either one or two species (depending on definintion) tive to southern Europe and north Africa.

  Myrtus communis (Myrtle)
  

  Genus Pimenta
  

  Pimenta is a genus of about 500 flowering plants all from the the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World with most species being evergreen trees or shrubs. Many produce edible fruit. However, but far the most economically important species is Syzygium aromaticum which is harvested for its flower buds, cloves.

  Pimenta dioica (Allspicer)
  

  Genus Syzygium
  

  Syzygium is a small genus of Mesoamerican flowering trees with aromatic fruit. By far the most economically important species is Pimenta dioica whose fruit is the spice, allspice.

  Syzygium aromaticum (Cloves)
  

  family Oliniaceae

  family Onagraceae

  The Onagraceae (Willowherb or Evening Primrose) family includes about 640-650 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees in 20-24 genera. The family is widespread, on every continent from boreal to tropical regions.

  Genus Epilobium
  

  Epilobium represents a genus of some 160–200 species ative to temperate and subarctic regions of both hemispheres. For the most part they are herbaceous plants either annual or perennial (though a few are shrubs).

  Anacardium occidentale (Cashew)
  

  family Penaeaceae

  family Psiloxylaceae

  family Rhynchocalycaceae

  family Vochysiaceae

  order Sapindales

  family Anacardiaceae

  The Anacardiaceae (Cashew) family is a family of 82 genera of flowering plants that are characterized by bearing fruit that are drupes. The family also includes the mango, poison ivy, sumac and pistachio.

  Genus Anacardium
  

  Anacardium represents a genus of some fifteen species of flowering plants native to tropical regions of South America. The type species for this genus and the family as a whole is the cashew, Anacardium occidentale.

  Anacardium occidentale (Cashew)
  

  Genus Mangifera
  

  Mangifera (mango) represents a genus of ten species native to the Canary Islands, northwest Africa, southern Europe, central and eastern Asia and southern North America. Typically they are small trees or shrubs and the most important species is the Pistachio (Pistacia vera), grown for its edible seeds.

  Pistacia lentiscus (Mastic)
  

  Genus Pistacia
  

  Pistacia (pistachio) represents a genus of some 35 species of tropical fruiting trees believed to have originated in Southern and Southeast Asia. The mango is now widely cultivated as a fruit tree in frost-free tropical and warmer subtropical climates throughout the Indian subcontinent, North, South and Central America, the Caribbean, south and central Africa, Australia and Southeast Asia.

  Mangifera indica (Mango)
  

  Genus Rhus
  

  Rhus (Sumac) represents a genus of some 250 species which are found in subtropical and warm temperate regions throughout the world, with the highest diversity in southern Africa. All produce fruit in the form of dense clusters of reddish drupes called sumac bobs.

  Rhus spp (Sumac)
  

  Genus Schinus
  

  Schinus (Pepper Tree) represents a genus of some twelve tree species native to Mesoamerica.

  Schinus molle (Peruvian Pepper)
  Schinus terebinthifolius (Red Pepper)
  

  family Biebersteiniaceae

  family Burseraceae

  family Kirkiaceae

  family Meliaceae

  family Nitrariaceae [+ family Peganaceae]

  family Rutaceae

  The Rutaceae (Citrus) family is a large family of some 160 genera that are very diverse in form and habitat (ranging from herbaceous plants to small trees) and which all have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents. Of all the genera, the most economically important is Citrus, which includes the orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit.

  Genus Citrus
  

  Citrus represents a genus of some 15 species (classification is difficult as many natural forms of Citrus are actually hybrids) and many dozens of hybrids flowering plants (large shrubs or small trees) originating in tropical and subtropical southeast Asia. The genus is commercially important as many species are cultivated for their fruit, which is eaten fresh or pressed for juice. Citrus fruits are notable for their fragrance, partly due to flavonoids and limonoids (which in turn are terpenes) contained in the rind, and most are juice-laden. The juice contains a high quantity of citric acid giving them their characteristic sharp flavour. They are also good sources of vitamin C and flavonoids.

  Citrus × latifolia (Persian Lime)
  Citrus × limon (Lemon)
  Citrus aurantifolia (Key Lime)
  Citrus hystrix (Kaffir Lime Leaves)
  Citrus reticulata (Mandarin Orange)
  Citrus sinensis (Orange)
  

  Genus Murraya
  

  Murraya represents a genus of some ten tropical to sub-tropical species with aromatic leaves and barks.

  Murraya koenigii (Curry Leaf)
  

  Genus Ruta
  

  Ruta (Rue) represents a genus of some 35 species native to the Mediterranean region, Macronesia and southwest Asia.

  Ruta graveolens (Common Rue)
  

  Genus Zanthoxylum
  

  Zanthoxylum represents a genus of some 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. The fruit of many species are pungent and used as a spice. The most well-known of these spices being 'Sichuan Pepper'.

  Zanthoxylum piperitum (Sichuan Pepper)
  Zanthoxylum sancho (Sichuan Pepper)
  Zanthoxylum simulans (Sichuan Pepper)
  Zanthoxylum tessmannii (Uzazi)
  

  family Sapindaceae

  family Simaroubaceae

  clade asterids

  order Cornales

  family Cornaceae [+ family Nyssaceae]

  family Grubbiaceae

  family Hydrangeaceae

  family Hydrostachyaceae

  family Loasaceae

  order Ericales

  family Actinidiaceae

  family Balsaminaceae

  family Clethraceae

  family Cyrillaceae

  family Diapensiaceae

  family Ebenaceae

  family Ericaceae

  The Ericaceae (heath family or ericaceous plant) family 128 genera of mostly calcifuge (lime-hating) plants that thrive in acid soils. Plants in the Ericaceae family are distributed through most of the world's temperate zones.

  Genus Calluna
  

  Calluna represents a genus containing but a single species, Calluna vulgaris, heather, which is found distributed widely in Europe and Asia Minor on well-drained acidic soils in open sunny situations and in moderate shade. As it can tolerate moderate grazing it can be an important food source for various sheep and deer which can graze the tips of the plants when snow covers low growing vegetation. Red Grouse feed on young shoots and seeds.

  Calluna vulgaris (Heather)
  

  Genus Vaccinium
  

  Vaccinium represents a genus containing some 450 species which are predominantly found in the temperate Northen Hemisphere (though there are tropical species from as widely separated areas as Madagascar and Hawaii). This genus includes the cranberries and blueberries.

  Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry)
  

  family Fouquieriaceae

  family Halesiaceae

  family Lecythidaceae

  family Marcgraviaceae

  family Myrsinaceae

  family Pellicieraceae

  family Polemoniaceae

  family Primulaceae

  The Primulaceae (Primrose) family of dicotyledonous flowering plants includes some 24 genera including many common garden plants and wildflowers.

  Genus Primula
  

  Primula represents a genus containing some 400–500 species which includes primrose, auricula, cowslip and oxlip. All are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, south into high altitude tropical mountains in Ethiopia, Indonesia and New Guinea, and are also found in temperate southern South America.

  Primula vulgaris (Primrose)
  

  family Roridulaceae

  family Sapotaceae

  family Sarraceniaceae

  family Styracaceae

  family Symplocaceae

  family Ternstroemiaceae

  family Tetrameristaceae

  family Theaceae

  family Theophrastaceae

  clade euasterids I

  family Boraginaceae

  The Boraginaceae (Borage or forget-me-not) family includes some 100 genera; 2000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs that are distributed world-wide. The majority of species in this family are characterized by their hairy leaves.

  Genus Borago
  

  Borago (Borage) represents a small genus of only two species of herbs with large, hairy leaves that are edible and taste mildly of cucumber.

  Borago officinalis (Borage)
  

  Genus Symphytum
  

  Symphytum (Comfrey) represents a small genus of about ten species and a number of hybrids. The exemplar for this genus is Symphytum officinale (Common Comfrey) with a black, turnip-like root and large, hairy broad leaves that bears small bell-shaped white, cream, purple or pink flowers which is native to Europe.

  Symphytum officinale (Common Comfrey)
  

  family Plocospermataceae

  family Vahliaceae

  order Garryales

  family Aucubaceae

  family Eucommiaceae

  family Garryaceae

  family Oncothecaceae

  order Gentianales

  family Apocynaceae

  family Gelsemiaceae

  family Gentianaceae

  family Loganiaceae

  family Rubiaceae

  The Rubiaceae (Madder, Bedstraw or Coffee) family includes some 600 genera and 10000 species. The most economically important member of this family being Coffea arabica (Arabica Coffee).

  Genus Coffea
  

  Coffea represents a genus of ten species which are shrubs or small trees native to subtropical Africa and southern Asia. Econmoically the most important member of this genus is Coffea arabica whose roasted seeds are colloquially known as 'coffee beans'.

  Coffea arabica (Coffee)
  Coffea canephora (Coffee)
  

  Genus Galium
  

  Galium represents a genus of some 400 species, the majority of which in the temperate zones of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The species are variously known as bedstraw (most species), goosegrass (G aparine), cleavers (G tricornutum, G aparine) and woodruff (G odoratum).

  Galium spp (Bedstraw)
  

  order Lamiales

  family Acanthaceae

  family Avicenniaceae

  family Bignoniaceae

  family Buddlejaceae

  family Byblidaceae

  family Cyclocheilaceae

  family Gesneriaceae

  family Lamiaceae

  The Lamiaceae (mint) family is a family of some about 210 genera and some 3,500 species of prodominantly aromatic plants that are mostly herbs (though some are shrubs).

  Genus Calamintha
  

  Calamintha represents a genus of some 30 species native to the northern temperate regions of Europe and Asia. Most members of this family have aromatic leaves and are often grown as ornamental plants.

  Calamintha menthifolia (Calamint)
  Calamintha nepeta (Lesser Calamint)
  

  Genus Hyssopus
  

  Hyssopus (hyssop) represents a genus of some 10–12 species of herbaceous or semi-woody plants native to a region extending from the Mediterranean east to central Asia.

  Hyssopus officinais (Hyssop)
  

  Genus Lamium
  

  Lamium (deadnettle) represents a genus of some 40–50 species of annual or perennial dicotyledonous flowering plants native to Europe, Asia, and north Africa.

  Lamium album (White Deadnettle)
  Lamium amplexicaule (Henbit Deadnettle)
  Lamium purpureum (Red Deadnettle)
  

  Genus Lavandula
  

  Lavandula (lavender) represents a genus of some 40 species of dicotyledonous flowering plants native to temperate regions of Europe and Asia.

  Marrubium vulgare (Horehound)
  

  Genus Marrubium
  

  Marrubium (horehound) represents a genus of some 25–30 species of dicotyledonous flowering plants native from the Mediterranean region south to tropical Africa and to the southeast regions of India. The genus is very varied in form and includes annuals, herbaceous plants, subshrubs, and small shrubs.

  Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender)
  

  Genus Mentha
  

  Mentha (mint) represents a genus of some 25 species of dicotyledonous flowering plants natively distributed across Europe, Africa, Asia Australia, and North America. Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial, rarely annual, herbs.

  Mentha aquatica (Water Mint)
  Mentha arvensis (Wild Mint)
  Mentha pulegium (Pennyroyal)
  Mentha spicata (Garden Mint)
  

  Genus Micromeria
  

  Micromeria represents a genus of 16 species native to the Mediterranean region, Eastern Asia and the Canary Islands.

  Micromeria spp (Emperor's Mint)
  

  Genus Ocimum
  

  Ocimum represents a genus of some 35 species aromatic annual and perrenial herbs and shrubs native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World.

  Ocimum basilicum (Basil)
  Ocimum basilicum (Thai Basil)
  Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil)
  

  Genus Origanum
  

  Origanum represents a genus of some 20 species of aromatic herbs native to the Mediterranean and east to eastern Asia.

  Origanum majorana (Marjoram)
  Origanum vulgare (Oregano)
  Origanum vulgare (Wild Marjoram)
  

  Genus Perilla
  

  Perilla represents a genus of some 4 species, all native to south-east Asia. They are characterized by fan-shaped leaves with toothed edges.

  Perilla frutescens var japonica (Perilla)
  

  Genus Rosmarinus
  

  Rosmarinus (rosemary) represents a genus of only 2 species, Rosmarinus officinalis native to the Mediterranean and Rosmarinus eriocalyx native to northwest Africa and southern Spain. Both are shrubby herbs with pinnate highly-aromatic leaves.

  Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary)
  

  Genus Salvia
  

  Salvia (sage) represents a genus of some 157 species originating in the Mediterranean and Asia Minor.

  Salvia officinalis (Sage)
  

  Genus Satureja
  

  Satureja (savory) represents a genus of some 30 species of annual or perennial herbs and subshrubs native to warm temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are low-growing plants, found in dry, sunny areas, and reaching 15 to 50 cm tall with small leaves 1 to 3 cm long.

  Satureja hortensis (Summer Savory)
  Satureja montana (Winter Savory)
  

  Genus Thymus
  

  Thymus (time) represents a genus of some 350 species of aromatic perennial herbaceous plants and sub-shrubs native to Europe, North Africa and Asia.

  Thymus pulegioides × Thymus vulgaris (Lemon Thyme)
  Thymus serpyllum (Wild Thyme)
  Thymus vulgaris (Common Thyme)
  

  family Lentibulariaceae

  family Myoporaceae

  family Oleaceae

  The Oleaceae (Olive) family contains 24 extant and 1 extinct genera of woody plants (trees, shrubs and vines). The archetpe of the family, the olive Olea europaea is ecomomically very important for its fruit and the oil extracted from it.

  Genus Fraxinus
  

  Fraxinus represents a genus of some 47 species of to large trees, mostly deciduous though a few subtropical species are evergreen which are found on every continent apart from South America and Australasia.

  Fraxinus excelsior (European Ash)
  

  family Paulowniaceae

  family Pedaliaceae [+ family Martyniaceae]

  The Pedaliaceae (Pedalium or Sesame) family contains thirteen genera and are characterized by having mucilaginous hairs, which often give the stems and leaves a slimy or clammy feel, and often have fruit with hooks or horns. By far the most economically important member of this family is Sesamum indicum (sesame).

  Genus Sesamum
  

  Sesamum represents a genus of almost 30 species of annual or perennial herbs with edible seeds. The best-known member of the genus is sesame, Sesamum indicum (source of sesame seeds). The genus is primarily localized to Africa (though some species are known from India, Sri Lanka, and China).

  Sesamum indicum (Sesame Seeds)
  

  family Phrymaceae

  family Plantaginaceae

  The Plantaginaceae (plantain) family consists of some 90 genera and 1700 species. This is a very diverse family, with most members found in temperate zones. It includes herbs, shrubs and also a few aquatic plants with roots (such as the genus Callitriche).

  Genus Veronica
  

  Veronica represents the largest genus (500 species) of the Plantaginaceae family. Typically the species are herbaceous annuals or perennials, and also shrubs or small trees if Hebe is included. Most of the species are from the temperate Northern Hemisphere, though with some species from the Southern Hemisphere; Hebe is mostly from New Zealand.

  Veronica beccabunga (Brooklime)
  

  Genus Limnophila
  

  Limnophila represents a genus including half a dozen species of Asian aquatic and marsh plants; many of which are cultivated as aquarium plants.

  Limnophila aromatica (Rice Paddy Herb)
  

  family Schlegeliaceae

  family Scrophulariaceae

  family Stilbaceae

  family Tetrachondraceae

  family Verbenaceae

  The Verbenaceae (Verbena) family consists of some 2000 species of trees, shrubs and herbs in 90 genera. Most of the species are tropical (though some are found in temparate zones).

  Genus Aloysia
  

  Aloysia represents a genus of about two dozen species characterized by their aromatic leaves.

  Aloysia triphylla (Lemon Verbena)
  

  order Solanales

  family Convolvulaceae

  The Convolvulaceae (Bindweed or Morning Glory) family represents almost 60 genera and over 1650 species of mostly herbaceous vines (though the family also includes trees, shrubs and herbs). Many have tuberous roots and the leaves and tubers of some species (most notably sweet potato and water spinach) are used as foods.

  Genus Ipomoea
  

  Ipomoea represents a genus containing over 500 species which are found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and comprises annual and perennial herbaceous plants, lianas, shrubs and small trees (though most species are twining climbing plants). This genus contains two economically important foodstuff plants, Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) and Ipomoea aquatica (Water Spinach).

  Ipomoea batatas (Sweet Potato)
  

  family Hydroleaceae

  family Montiniaceae

  family Solanaceae

  The Solanaceae family (nightshade or potato family) is a large family of some 32 genera of flowering plants many of which are edible and extensively cultivated (though other members of the family are toxic). The family is an important source of foodstuffs and spices and includes the Datura or Jimson weed, eggplant, mandrake, deadly nightshade or belladonna, capsicum (paprika, chile pepper), potato, tobacco, tomato, and petunia. Of these the potato Solanum tuberosum is by far the most economically important and its swollen subteranean tubers provide a staple carbohydrate source for many peoples. Also of great economic importance as foodstuffs are the fruit of tomatoes, eggplants and peppers.

  Genus Physalis
  

  Physalis represents a genus containing some 80 species of herbaceous plants native to warm temperate and subtropical regions throughout the world. The genus is characterised by the small orange fruit similar in size, shape and structure to a small tomato, but partly or fully enclosed in a large papery husk derived from the calyx. Some species (most notably Physalis peruviana, Cape Gooseberry) are grown for their fruit whilst others are grown as ornamental plants.

  Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberries)
  

  Genus Capsicum
  

  Capsicum represents a genus containing some 45 species native to Mexico (though now cultivated world-wide). The fruit of members of this family are often used as foods and as spices and range in heat from the bell pepper to the fiery members of the chilli pepppers.

  Capsicum annuum (Bell Pepper)
  Capsicum annuum (Cayenne Pepper)
  Capsicum baccatum (Aji 'Hot Lemon')
  Capsicum chinense (Scotch Bonnet Chilli)
  Capsicum frutescens (Tabasco Chilli)
  

  Genus Lycium
  

  Lycium represents a genus containing two species of boxthorns (Wolfberries) originating in southwestern Europe to southwest Asia. Both species are deciduous woody perennial plants, growing 1-3 m high and are grown for their edible fruit (known as wolfberries).

  Lycium barbarum (Wolfberry)
  Lycium chinense (Wolfberry)
  

  Genus Physalis
  

  Physalis represents a genus containing some 80 species of herbaceous plants native to warm temperate and subtropical regions throughout the world. The genus is characterised by the small orange fruit similar in size, shape and structure to a small tomato, but partly or fully enclosed in a large papery husk derived from the calyx. Some species (most notably Physalis peruviana, Cape Gooseberry) are grown for their fruit whilst others are grown as ornamental plants.

  Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberries)
  

  Genus Solanum
  

  Solanum represents a genus containing some 15000–20000 species of annual plants and perennial plants, forbs, vines, sub-shrubs, shrubs, and small trees. They often have attractive fruit and flowers. Most are poisonous, but many bear edible fruits, leaves, or tubers, and the genus includes several cultivated species, including three major food crops: Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum; Potato, Solanum tuberosum and Eggplant, Solanum melongena.

  Solanum incanum (Bitter Tomato)
  

  family Spenocleaceae

  clade euasterids II

  family Adoxaceae

  The Adoxaceae is a small family containing three genera and some 150–200 species. The family is characterized by opposite toothed leaves, small five- or, more rarely, four-petalled flowers in cymose inflorescences, and the fruit being a drupe.

  Genus Sambucus
  

  Sambucus (Elder) represents a genus containing some 10–30 species shrubs or small trees (though there are 2 herbaceous species) which are native to temperate to subtropical regions of both the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

  Sambucus nigra (Elder)
  

  family Bruniaceae

  family Carlemanniaceae

  family Columelliaceae [+ family Desfontainiaceae]

  family Eremosynaceae

  family Escalloniaceae

  family Icacinaceae

  family Polyosmaceae

  family Sphenostemonaceae

  family Tribelaceae

  order Apiales

  family Apiaceae

  The Apiaceae (also known as Umbelliferae) is a family of aromatic plants characterized by their hollow stems. This is a large family of some 300 genera and more than 3,000 species. This family accounts for a large number of herbs as well as carrots and parsnips.

  Genus Aegopodium
  

  Aegopodium represents a genus containing some 7 species of European dicotyledonous flowering plants.

  Aegopodium podagraria (Ground Elder)
  

  Genus Anethum
  

  Anethum represents a genus of but a single species, Anethum graveolens (dill).

  Anethum graveolens (Dill)
  

  Genus Angelica
  

  Angelica represents a genus of some 50 species of tall biennial and perennial dicotyledonous flowering plants native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They grow to 1-2 m tall, with large bipinnate leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers.